Monday 4 April 2011

COMPUTER EVOLUTION

  •  computer is a programmable machine that receive input, stores and manipulates data, and provides output in a useful format.

  • there were the size of large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computer (PCs).
PART OF COMPUTER




SOFTWARE
Operating Software
  • programs that coordinate computer resources, provide the interfree between user and computer, and run application..
         example of Operating system..
Utilities
  • perform specific task related to managing computer resources.
Example of utilities.



   System Unit, Input/output and Secondary Storage.

System Unit - a base unit or main body of desktop computer.

Input/Output device - Input translate data and programs that human can understand into a form that computer can process. Output device translate the processed information from the computer into the form that human can understand.

Secondary Storage - hold data and program even after electrical power to computer system has been turn of, (hard disk, thumb drive)




 Linux and Unix

    Linux (often pronounced with a short "i") is a Unix-like operating system that was designed to provide personal computer users a free or very low-cost operating system comparable to traditional and usually more expensive Unix systems. Linux has a reputation as a very efficient and fast-performing system. Linux's kernel (the central part of the operating system) was developed by Linus Torvalds at the University of Helsinki in Finland. To complete the operating system, Torvalds and other team members made use of system components developed by members of the Free Software Foundation for the GNU Project. Linux is a remarkably complete operating system, including a graphical user interface, an X. Window System, TCP/IP, the Emacs editor, and other components usually found in a comprehensive Unix system. Although copyrights are held by various creators of Linux's components, Linux is distributed using the Free Software Foundation's copyleft stipulations that mean any modified version that is redistributed must in turn be freely available. Linux is sometimes suggested as a possible publicly-developed alternative to the desktop predominance of Microsoft Windows. Although Linux is popular among users already familiar with Unix, it remains far behind Windows in numbers of users. However, its use in the business enterprise is growing.

   Unix is a powerful, multi-user environment that has been implemented on a variety of platforms. Once the domain of servers and advanced users, it has become accessible to novices as well through the popularity of Linux and Mac OS X. With the notable exception of Microsoft Windows, all current major operating systems have some kind of Unix at their cores. Unix was developed at Bell Labs in 1969, but in the past three decades many others have contributed to its evolution. In reality, Unix is not so much a single operating system as it is a standard upon which organizations and companies base their own systems. Examples of Unix implementations include Mac OS X/Darwin (Apple), GNU/Linux, AIX (IBM), Solaris (Sun), IRIX (SGI), and FreeBSD. They have different graphical interfaces, but from the Unix shell, a command line feature common to all versions, they are very similar. As with other operating systems, there are many kinds of applications available on a Unix system. Email, newsreading, programming, statistics, and graphics are some of the areas for which Unix software exists. Unix was once distinct from other operating systems because of its high level of integration with the network and its multi-user environment. Each user who logs in can have an environment distinct from that of any other user. In recent years, however, this distinction has blurred as other operating systems have developed these capacities. With the introduction of Mac OS X and the increasing popularity of free Unix systems like Linux and FreeBSD, as well as advanced interfaces based on the X Window System, more individuals are also using Unix as the operating system for their personal workstations.

HOW TO USE WINDOW
Start Up Window
     Firs of all, you will need to turn the computer on. Do this by pushing the power button on the front of the computer unit. the computer takes a few minutes to start up.

Shut Down Computer
     Click the start button, the start menu will apear. click turn off computer. the turn of computer dialog box will apear, then click the turn off icon, your computer will shut down.

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