INTERNET

      HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a communications protocol used to transfer or convey information on the World Wide Web. HTTP is a request/response protocol between clients and servers. The originating client, such as a web browser, spider, or other end-user tool, is referred to as the user agent. The destination server, which stores or creates resources such as HTML files and images, is called the origin server. In between the user agent and origin server may be several intermediaries, such as proxies, gateways, and tunnels. It is useful to remember that HTTP does not need TCP/IP. Indeed HTTP can be “implemented on top of any other protocol on the Internet, or on other networks. HTTP only presumes a reliable transport; any protocol that provides such guarantees can be used.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

Protocol for exchanging FILES over the Internet. FTP works in the same way as HTTP for transferring Web pages from a server to a user's browser and SMTP for transferring electronic mail across the Internet in that, like these technologies, FTP uses the Internet's TCP/IP protocols to enable data transfer. is most commonly used to download a file from a server using the Internet or to upload a file to a server (e.g., uploading a Web page file to a server).

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

SMTP is the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. It is the most popular protocol for transferring electronic mail on the Internet. SMTP is quite robust, but provides no facilities for Authentication of the sender or recipient; for encryption; or for attaching non-ASCII data. The most popular software for routing and managing SMTP mail is Send mail. Historically, this program has suffered from numerous Security Exploit's. Modern versions of Send mail, however, are robust, and support effective defenses against Spam and unauthorized Mail Relay use.

NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol)

NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) is the predominant protocol used by computer clients and servers for managing the notes posted on Usenet newsgroups. NNTP replaced the original Usenet protocol, UNIX-to-UNIX Copy Protocol (UUCP) some time ago. NNTP servers manage the global network of collected Usenet newsgroups and include the server at your Internet access provider. An NNTP client is included as part of a Netscape, Internet Explorer, Opera, or other Web browser or you may use a separate client program called a newsreader.

IRC (Internet Relay Chat)

Internet Relay Chat is a chat system developed by Jarkko Oikarinen in Finland in the late 1980s. IRC has become very popular as more people get connected to the Internet because it enables people connected anywhere on the Internet to join in live discussions. Unlike older chat systems, IRC is not limited to just two participants. To join an IRC discussion, you need an IRC client and Internet access. The IRC client is a program that runs on your computer and sends and receives messages to and from an IRC server. The IRC server, in turn, is responsible for making sure that all messages are broadcast to everyone participating in a discussion. There can be many discussions going on at once; each one is assigned a unique channel.

MICROSOFT POWER POINT

Open Microsoft Office power point 2007

• Click start at bottom left on desktop  → click all programs → click Microsoft office → click Microsoft office power point 2007

ADD FOOTER

• Click insert, then click header & footer,
• Click add the footer and type “BC101 COMPUTER APPLICATION”

• Then click apply to all.

ADD TITLE & SUBTITLE

• Add title at the first slide, type BC101 COMPUTER APPLICATION, and write your name at the subtitle..

ADD SHAPE

• Type Insert Shape in the text box
• Click insert   -   click shape   -   click any shape
• Draw the shape anywhere at the slide.
• Add 5diffrent kind of shape in the slide,

INSERT TABLE

• Click new slide,
• Type insert table in the text box..
• Click insert and click insert table 4 x 4..

HOW TO CREATE PRESENTATION

• First, type “how to create the presentation” in the text box..
• Then click animation, and click at custom animation, click at add effect, motion path and diagonal down right.

HOW TO SET A BACKGROUND

• Click insert, and click picture, then choose any photo you want..
• Right click at the picture, choose send to back, and click at send to back…
• Repeat this step at all of the slide..
• The result is like this..

HOW TO SAVE

• Click at the Microsoft office logo at them top left, click save
• Type LABWORK 3 in the file name then click save..

CONCLUSION

The conclusion, a subject Computer Application this, we can get learning ways for applied computer with detail at period future. Moreover, what we are learning, will be a practical by our in this study period future. Besides that  learning and get a application this subject in a carrier. Now I can make a slide show better and more interesting, I also can add mo detail to my slide and interesting animation to attract people to watch my slide show. this subject, we will get in addition knowledge about computer application.

MICROSOFT EXCEL

Open Microsoft Office Excel 2007

• Click start at bottom left on desktop  → click all programs → click Microsoft office → click Microsoft office excel 2007

Make A Table In Microsoft  Office Exel 2007

•  Highlight column A to F,row 1 to 10 click bottom border choose all borders.
•  That will be appear at below.

• Click column A to F row 1 → click merge and  centre → type ‘BELIAN BARANG & LEKAPAN DAN LENGKAPAN’
• Click column A to F row 2 → click merge and  centre → type ‘POLITEKNIK HULU TERENGGANU PADA 30 JANUARI 2010’
• This picture will appear at below.

Change row height and column width

• Click row 4 → click format choose row height → insert row height 50 → click ok.
• Picture at below will appear.

• Highlight column A to F → click format choose column width → insert column width 17 → click ok
• Picture at below will appear.

• Click column A row 4 → type ‘ITEM’ → click column B row 4 → type ‘HARGA BELIAN (SEUNIT)’ → click column C row 4 → type ‘HARGA JUALAN  (SEUNIT)’ → click column D row 4 →type ‘PERATUS KEUNTUNGAN (%)’ → click column E row 4 → type ‘KUANTITI’ → click column F row 4 → type ‘JUMLAH BELIAN’

• Click column A row 5 → type ‘KERTAS A4’ → Click column A row 6 → type ‘MARKER (1 KOTAK)’ → Click column A row 7 → type ‘PEN (1 KOTAK)’→ Click column A row 8 → type ‘RAK KERTAS’→ Click column A row 9→ type ‘RING FAIL’
• Highlight column A row 1 to 9 → click bold

• Click column B row 5 → type ‘8.50’ → Click column B row 6 → type ‘7.10’ → Click column B row 7 → type ‘6.30’→ Click column B row 8 → type ‘3.40’→ Click column B row 9→ type ‘3.20’
• Click column C row 5 → type ‘9.90’ → Click column C row 6 → type ‘8.60’ → Click column C row 7 → type ‘7.80’→ Click column C row 8 → type ‘5.00’→ Click column C row 9→ type ‘4.20’
• Highlight column B to C row 5 to 9 → click accounting number format choose $ English (U.S.)
• Click column E row 5 → type ‘100’ → Click column E row 6 → type ‘30’ → Click column E row 7 → type ‘100’→ Click column E row 8 → type ‘50’→ Click column E row 9→ type ‘30’

Calculate in Microsoft Office Exel

• Add ( + ),minus( - ),multiple( * ) and divide ( / ) is symbol use in Microsoft Office Exel to calculate
• Click column D row 5 → type ‘=((C5-B5)/B5*100)’ → click AutoSum → Click column D row 6 → type ‘=((C6-B6)/B6*100)’ → click AutoSum → Click column D row 7 → type ‘=((C7-B7)/B7*100)’→ click AutoSum → Click column D row 8 → type ‘=((C8-B8)/B8*100)’→ click AutoSum →Click column D row 9→ type ‘=((C9-B9)/B9*100)’→ click AutoSum.
• Click column F row 5 → type’ =(B5*E5)’ → click AutoSum → Click column F row 6 → type ‘=(B6*E6)’ → click AutoSum → Click column F row 7 → type ‘=(B7*E7)’→ click AutoSum → Click column F row 8 → type’ =(B8*E8)’→ click AutoSum →Click column F row 9→ type ‘=(B9*E9)’→ click AutoSum.

Make Chart

• Click insert choose column chart → click 3-D Column → click select data → highlight column A to C row 5 to 9.
• If you want move chart to another sheet→click move chart.
• After that,this picture will appear

CONCLUSION

The conclusion, a subject Computer Application this, we can get learning ways for applied computer with detail at period future. Moreover, what we are learning, will be a practical by our in this study period future. Besides that  learning and get a application this subject in a carier. We can make this table with more details and regular step to by step already given in Microsoft Office Exel. However, we can ability make a table, Change row height & column width, Calculate in Microsoft Office Exel and Make Chart. At this assignment too, we already making this step with a detail for make this table for we reference in a period future.Finally ,this subject,we will get in addition knowledge about computer application.

MICROSOFT WORD

HOW TO CREATE TABLE

• Click insert→ choose table→ choose 4x4 table.
•   The explanation at below will display like that:

•    Highlight the up row, column 2&3→ click right, choose Merge Cells→ type “Maybank berhad”→click home→change case,choose Capitalize Each Word→ center.
•  Highlight the row of 2,column 2&3→ click right,choose Merge Cells→ type “(Damansara Branch)”→click home→change case,choose Capitalize Each Word →center.

•   Add the column→ click insert→ table,insert the table. The number of columns is 4 and number of rows is 26.          

• The row of 3 and column of 4→ type “Date”,choose Capitalize Each Word→ Aligh Text Right..
• Type “MCA07”,highlight →click home→ Change Case,choose UPPERCASE→ center.
• Highlight  column 3&4,click right ,choose Merge cells→ type “Statement Customer Copy”,highlight →Change Case→Capitalize Each Word→Aligh Text Right.
• Alternate a rows,highlight column 1&2→click right,choose merge cells→type “epc computer sdn bhd”→highlight ,change case→choose UPPERCASE.
• Highlight column 3&4→click right, choose merge cells→type “account no.”,highlight→change case→Capitalize Each Word→Aligh Text Right.
• Then highlight column 1&2,and row 8&9→click right,choose merge cells→type the address,highlight→change case→Capitalize Each Word.

• Column 1 and row 10→type “date”, ”transaction description”, “transaction amount” and “balance”.
• Highlight column 1 and row 10→change case,choose Capitalize Each Word→center.
• Type of detail about date, transaction description, transaction amount and balance.
• Highlight items of the date,click center→ then highlight all details of transaction amount and balance→Aligh Right.
• Highlight row total of debit and credit items→ click the center.

• Highlight row 1 until 9→ bottom border→choose no border→choose outside border.

• Highlight row 10 until 27→bottom border→choose no border→choose outside border→choose inside vertical border.

CONCLUSION

The conclusion, a subject Computer Application this, we can get learning ways for applied computer with detail at period future. Moreover, what we are learning, will be a practical by our in this study period future. Besides that  learning and get a application this subject in a carier. We will make this table with more details and regular step to by step already given. However, we can ability make a table, add the number of rows and columns and add the border. At this assignment too, we already making this step with a detail for make this table for we reference in a period future.Finally ,this subject,we will get in addition knowledge about computer application.

COMPUTER EVOLUTION

•  computer is a programmable machine that receive input, stores and manipulates data, and provides output in a useful format.

• there were the size of large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computer (PCs).

PART OF COMPUTER

SOFTWARE

Operating Software

• programs that coordinate computer resources, provide the interfree between user and computer, and run application..

         example of Operating system..

Utilities

• perform specific task related to managing computer resources.

Example of utilities.

   System Unit, Input/output and Secondary Storage.

System Unit - a base unit or main body of desktop computer.

Input/Output device - Input translate data and programs that human can understand into a form that computer can process. Output device translate the processed information from the computer into the form that human can understand.

Secondary Storage - hold data and program even after electrical power to computer system has been turn of, (hard disk, thumb drive)




 Linux and Unix

    Linux (often pronounced with a short "i") is a Unix-like operating system that was designed to provide personal computer users a free or very low-cost operating system comparable to traditional and usually more expensive Unix systems. Linux has a reputation as a very efficient and fast-performing system. Linux's kernel (the central part of the operating system) was developed by Linus Torvalds at the University of Helsinki in Finland. To complete the operating system, Torvalds and other team members made use of system components developed by members of the Free Software Foundation for the GNU Project. Linux is a remarkably complete operating system, including a graphical user interface, an X. Window System, TCP/IP, the Emacs editor, and other components usually found in a comprehensive Unix system. Although copyrights are held by various creators of Linux's components, Linux is distributed using the Free Software Foundation's copyleft stipulations that mean any modified version that is redistributed must in turn be freely available. Linux is sometimes suggested as a possible publicly-developed alternative to the desktop predominance of Microsoft Windows. Although Linux is popular among users already familiar with Unix, it remains far behind Windows in numbers of users. However, its use in the business enterprise is growing.

   Unix is a powerful, multi-user environment that has been implemented on a variety of platforms. Once the domain of servers and advanced users, it has become accessible to novices as well through the popularity of Linux and Mac OS X. With the notable exception of Microsoft Windows, all current major operating systems have some kind of Unix at their cores. Unix was developed at Bell Labs in 1969, but in the past three decades many others have contributed to its evolution. In reality, Unix is not so much a single operating system as it is a standard upon which organizations and companies base their own systems. Examples of Unix implementations include Mac OS X/Darwin (Apple), GNU/Linux, AIX (IBM), Solaris (Sun), IRIX (SGI), and FreeBSD. They have different graphical interfaces, but from the Unix shell, a command line feature common to all versions, they are very similar. As with other operating systems, there are many kinds of applications available on a Unix system. Email, newsreading, programming, statistics, and graphics are some of the areas for which Unix software exists. Unix was once distinct from other operating systems because of its high level of integration with the network and its multi-user environment. Each user who logs in can have an environment distinct from that of any other user. In recent years, however, this distinction has blurred as other operating systems have developed these capacities. With the introduction of Mac OS X and the increasing popularity of free Unix systems like Linux and FreeBSD, as well as advanced interfaces based on the X Window System, more individuals are also using Unix as the operating system for their personal workstations.

HOW TO USE WINDOW

Start Up Window

     Firs of all, you will need to turn the computer on. Do this by pushing the power button on the front of the computer unit. the computer takes a few minutes to start up.

Shut Down Computer

     Click the start button, the start menu will apear. click turn off computer. the turn of computer dialog box will apear, then click the turn off icon, your computer will shut down.